Nitroglycerin processing plant, explosives factory, Val Bormida, near Cengio, Italy, 1888. Artist: Anon

Nitroglycerin processing plant, explosives factory, Val Bormida, near Cengio, north-west Italy, 1888. Nitroglycerin was mixed with Kieselghur (a diatomaceous earth) to produce Dynamite. Patented by Alfred Nobel (1833-1896) in 1867, Dynamite is more a more stable high explosive than gunpowder and nitroclycernin and quickly gained popularity for blasting in mining, tunnelling and quarrying. Because of the instablility of the materials used in its production, earth embankments separate each building and surround the whole complex. The roofs of the buildings were not fixed so that in the event of an explosion the blast would travel vertically rather than horizontally. From La Nature, Paris, 1888. (Photo by Ann Ronan Pictures/Print Collector/Getty Images)